CopyOnWriteArrayList

CopyOnWriteArrayList是ArrayList的线程安全版本，通过使用重入锁在添加、修改数据时加锁复制一份原始数组更新完数据后再替换原始数组，可见其比较适合读多写少的场景。

继承关系如下：

主要属性

public class CopyOnWriteArrayList<E>
    implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 8673264195747942595L;
    //修改时使用的重入锁
    /** The lock protecting all mutators */
    final transient ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    //存储数据
    /** The array, accessed only via getArray/setArray. */
    private transient volatile Object[] array;
    

构造器

public CopyOnWriteArrayList() {
    setArray(new Object[0]);
}
public CopyOnWriteArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
    Object[] elements;
    if (c.getClass() == CopyOnWriteArrayList.class)
        elements = ((CopyOnWriteArrayList<?>)c).getArray();
    else {
        elements = c.toArray();
        // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
        if (elements.getClass() != Object[].class)
            elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, elements.length, Object[].class);
    }
    setArray(elements);
}
public CopyOnWriteArrayList(E[] toCopyIn) {
    setArray(Arrays.copyOf(toCopyIn, toCopyIn.length, Object[].class));
}

添加元素

public boolean add(E e) {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {
        Object[] elements = getArray();
        int len = elements.length;
        //复制一份数组 插入数据 并复制回原始数组
        Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
        newElements[len] = e;
        setArray(newElements);
        return true;
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

更新元素

public E set(int index, E element) {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {
        Object[] elements = getArray();
        E oldValue = get(elements, index);

        if (oldValue != element) {
            int len = elements.length;
            Object[] newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len);
            newElements[index] = element;
            setArray(newElements);
        } else {
            // Not quite a no-op; ensures volatile write semantics
            setArray(elements);
        }
        return oldValue;
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}
public void add(int index, E element) {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {
        Object[] elements = getArray();
        int len = elements.length;
        if (index > len || index < 0)
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("Index: "+index+
                                                ", Size: "+len);
        Object[] newElements;
        int numMoved = len - index;
        if (numMoved == 0)
            newElements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, len + 1);
        else {
            newElements = new Object[len + 1];
            System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
            System.arraycopy(elements, index, newElements, index + 1,
                             numMoved);
        }
        newElements[index] = element;
        setArray(newElements);
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

删除元素

public E remove(int index) {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {
        Object[] elements = getArray();
        int len = elements.length;
        E oldValue = get(elements, index);
        int numMoved = len - index - 1;
        if (numMoved == 0)
            setArray(Arrays.copyOf(elements, len - 1));
        else {
            Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];
            System.arraycopy(elements, 0, newElements, 0, index);
            System.arraycopy(elements, index + 1, newElements, index,
                             numMoved);
            setArray(newElements);
        }
        return oldValue;
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

public boolean remove(Object o) {
    Object[] snapshot = getArray();
    int index = indexOf(o, snapshot, 0, snapshot.length);
    return (index < 0) ? false : remove(o, snapshot, index);
}

private static int indexOf(Object o, Object[] elements,
                               int index, int fence) {
    if (o == null) {
        for (int i = index; i < fence; i++)
            if (elements[i] == null)
                return i;
    } else {
        for (int i = index; i < fence; i++)
            if (o.equals(elements[i]))
                return i;
    }
    return -1;
}
private boolean remove(Object o, Object[] snapshot, int index) {
    final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
    lock.lock();
    try {
        Object[] current = getArray();
        int len = current.length;
        if (snapshot != current) findIndex: {
            int prefix = Math.min(index, len);
            for (int i = 0; i < prefix; i++) {
                if (current[i] != snapshot[i] && eq(o, current[i])) {
                    index = i;
                    break findIndex;
                }
            }
            if (index >= len)
                return false;
            if (current[index] == o)
                break findIndex;
            index = indexOf(o, current, index, len);
            if (index < 0)
                return false;
        }
        Object[] newElements = new Object[len - 1];
        System.arraycopy(current, 0, newElements, 0, index);
        System.arraycopy(current, index + 1,
                         newElements, index,
                         len - index - 1);
        setArray(newElements);
        return true;
    } finally {
        lock.unlock();
    }
}

总结

1. 使用ReentrantLock重入锁保证线程安全
2. 写操作先拷贝一份数据 更新完毕后 替换原始数组 空间复杂度O(n) 性能低下
3. 读操作支持随机访问 时间复杂度O(1)
4. 采用读写分离思想，读不加锁 写加锁且占用较大内存空间 故适合读多写少的场景
5. 只保证最终一致 不能保证实时一致